{"id":2842,"date":"2026-11-04T02:47:11","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T02:47:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/?p=2842"},"modified":"2026-11-06T06:45:31","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T06:45:31","slug":"what-are-rare-earth-metals-the-17-elements-and-their-uses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/what-are-rare-earth-metals-the-17-elements-and-their-uses\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are Rare Earth Metals? The 17 Elements and Their Uses"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2842\" class=\"elementor elementor-2842\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8a747e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e8a747e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54d01f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54d01f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2339362 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2339362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Are Rare Earth Metals? The 17 Elements and Their Uses<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee21114 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee21114\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb117a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5cb117a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e91f293 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e91f293\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Blogger-Vicky-qy38efwmoscd4a2fcdm6xa7gbpmcarjikd4v9gv16o.jpg\" title=\"Blogger-Vicky\" alt=\"Blogger-Vicky\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2eeece e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2eeece\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06f7237 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06f7237\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vicky Zhou \/ 2026-11-4 \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/category\/blog\/\">Blog<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f5e158 e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f5e158\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4879792 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4879792\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rare earth metals are a family of 17 metallic elements: the 15 lanthanides, plus scandium and yttrium. Their magnetic, optical, and chemical properties make them useful in permanent magnets, lighting, catalysts, polishing compounds, and specialized alloys.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e128e4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e128e4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The term names an element family, rather than every scarce or expensive metal. Lithium, cobalt, indium, and gallium are not rare earth elements. Also, a rare earth element may reach a factory as a metal, an oxide, or part of an alloy. That form matters: neodymium metal, neodymium oxide, and a neodymium magnet do different jobs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b456ed2 ha-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-ha-table-of-contents happy-addon ha-table-of-contents happy-addon-pro\" data-id=\"b456ed2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;widget_title&quot;:&quot;Table of Contents&quot;,&quot;html_tag&quot;:&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;scroll_offset&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;scroll_offset_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;scroll_offset_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"ha-table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ha-toc-b456ed2\" class=\"ha-toc-wrapper hm-toc-default-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ha-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ha-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSommario\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ha-toc__toggle-button ha-toc__toggle-button--expand\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ha-toc__toggle-button ha-toc__toggle-button--collapse\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ha-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ha-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ha-toc__spinner eicon-loading eicon-animation-spin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-916468e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"916468e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are rare earth metals<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4a73a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a4a73a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The 17 rare earth metals are scandium, yttrium, and the 15 elements from lanthanum through lutetium. The U.S. Geological Survey\u2019s rare earths overview uses this 17-element definition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f3926 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"33f3926\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Elemento<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Symbol<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Atomic number<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Representative use or material<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Scandium<\/th><td>Sc<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>Aluminium-scandium alloys for lightweight components<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Yttrium<\/th><td>Y<\/td><td>39<\/td><td>Yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG) laser host materials<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Lanthanum<\/th><td>La<\/td><td>57<\/td><td>Optical glass and nickel-metal hydride battery alloys<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cerium<\/th><td>Ce<\/td><td>58<\/td><td>Oxide-based glass polishing and catalysts<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Praseodymium<\/th><td>Pr<\/td><td>59<\/td><td>Permanent-magnet alloys, often with neodymium<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Neodymium<\/th><td>Nd<\/td><td>60<\/td><td>NdFeB permanent magnets for motors and speakers<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Promethium<\/th><td>Pm<\/td><td>61<\/td><td>Mainly research; specialized radioisotope batteries<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Samarium<\/th><td>Sm<\/td><td>62<\/td><td>Samarium-cobalt permanent magnets<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Europium<\/th><td>Eu<\/td><td>63<\/td><td>Red and blue phosphors in selected lighting\/display materials<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Gadolinium<\/th><td>Gd<\/td><td>64<\/td><td>Gadolinium compounds in MRI contrast agents<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Terbium<\/th><td>Tb<\/td><td>65<\/td><td>Green phosphors; selected permanent-magnet grades<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Dysprosium<\/th><td>Dy<\/td><td>66<\/td><td>Selected permanent-magnet grades<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Holmium<\/th><td>Ho<\/td><td>67<\/td><td>Laser materials and neutron-absorbing applications<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Erbium<\/th><td>Er<\/td><td>68<\/td><td>Optical-fiber amplifiers and laser materials<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Thulium<\/th><td>Tm<\/td><td>69<\/td><td>Laser materials; radioisotopes for portable X-ray sources<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Ytterbium<\/th><td>Yb<\/td><td>70<\/td><td>Tunable lasers and optical materials<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Lutetium<\/th><td>Lu<\/td><td>71<\/td><td>Lutetium-containing materials in PET scan detectors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9ccdd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9ccdd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These are representative uses, often involving compounds or alloys. The USGS element-by-element applications list and Royal Society of Chemistry element references provide further examples; promethium has specialist uses rather than a routine mined supply.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95898d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95898d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You may also see a list of 15 rare earths. That usually refers to the lanthanide series alone. Adding scandium and yttrium gives the broader family used here. Promethium belongs on the chemical list, although it has no stable isotopes and is not a normal mined industrial feedstock.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c85c14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c85c14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Where Are Rare Earth Metals on the Periodic Table?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7913d23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7913d23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The lanthanides belong to period 6; scandium is in period 4, and yttrium is in period 5. Rare earth metals do not form one vertical column. Scandium and yttrium sit in group 3 and are included because their chemistry resembles that of the lanthanides.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-375eb02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"375eb02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Most compact periodic tables place the lanthanides in a separate row beneath the main grid to save space. This layout does not make them a separate period. The other row often printed below them contains the actinides, including uranium and thorium. Those elements are not rare earths.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-270f846 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"270f846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Are Light and Heavy Rare Earth Metals?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd5e6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd5e6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Light and heavy rare earths are subgroups within the family. In the USGS convention used here, lanthanum through gadolinium are light rare earths; terbium through lutetium, together with yttrium, are heavy rare earths. Scandium is treated separately.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c30e3a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c30e3a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Subgroup used here<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Elements<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Light rare earths<\/th><td>La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Heavy rare earths<\/th><td>Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, plus Y<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Considered separately<\/th><td>Sc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9d15f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9d15f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The dividing line varies between sources. Some producers and references place europium and gadolinium in the heavy group instead. The USGS fact sheet on rare earth elements explicitly notes this difference. When comparing two lists, look at the elements included before drawing a conclusion from the group name.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7195ac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7195ac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yttrium has a lower atomic number than the lanthanides, yet it is commonly grouped with heavy rare earths because of its chemical behavior and geological associations. \u201cHeavy\u201d does not mean stronger magnetism or better performance. Neodymium is a light rare earth used in powerful magnets; dysprosium and terbium are heavy rare earths used in some magnet grades for high-temperature performance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b48054c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b48054c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why Are Rare Earth Metals Called Rare?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a67f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88a67f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name comes from the history of their discovery in unusual mineral \u201cearths,\u201d rather than a rule that all 17 elements are extremely scarce. In early chemistry, earths were materials that were difficult to break down further, including substances later identified as oxides.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20d9d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c20d9d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Many rare earths are spread widely through the crust. The harder problem is finding a deposit with enough recoverable material, then separating the desired elements at a useful cost. Three different questions are often hidden inside the word \u201crare\u201d:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54a291b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54a291b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>How much exists? Crustal abundance describes how much of an element is present across a large amount of rock.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d1d584 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d1d584\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>How much is concentrated in a deposit? A mine needs suitable mineralogy, concentration, access, and recovery economics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d553167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d553167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Can the required material be made? Separating chemically similar elements and producing a specified oxide, metal, or alloy requires additional processing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8298deb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8298deb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These questions explain why a widespread element can still have a difficult supply chain. They also explain why discovering a resource does not immediately create a source of finished magnets or high-purity metals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d3aad6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d3aad6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Promethium is an important exception to broad claims about abundance. It has no stable isotopes and occurs naturally only in minute traces. Treating it as just another plentiful, mined rare earth would give the wrong picture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89a5f4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89a5f4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Promethium is an important exception to broad claims about abundance. It has no stable isotopes and occurs naturally only in minute traces. Treating it as just another plentiful, mined rare earth would give the wrong picture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b59b15f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b59b15f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Properties Make Rare Earth Metals Useful?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27c2957 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27c2957\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rare earth materials are useful because selected elements provide magnetic, light-emitting, optical, or catalytic behavior that a product needs. The useful property depends on the element and its chemical form.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb7079 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fb7079\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Many lanthanide ions have electrons in 4f orbitals, an inner part of their electron structure. These electrons contribute to their magnetic and light-emitting behavior. This does not make every rare earth element a strong permanent magnet or an interchangeable lighting ingredient.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfef4ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfef4ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The practical differences are easier to see through three functions:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79a7455 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79a7455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Magnetic performance: Neodymium in an iron-boron alloy helps make compact permanent magnets. Samarium-cobalt is a different magnet system with useful resistance to demagnetization at elevated temperatures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da45a67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da45a67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Light and optical behavior: Selected rare earth ions can emit specific colors when supplied with energy. A phosphor is a material that gives off light when energized; selected rare earth ions work inside its host material. Other rare earth compounds change the optical properties of glass.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2be04c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2be04c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chemical activity: Cerium-based oxides can take part in catalytic reactions, while lanthanum-containing materials serve in petroleum refining catalysts. These uses depend on the compound and the process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4409477 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4409477\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rare earths also share similar chemistry, which makes separating neighboring elements difficult. Their similarities explain why they are grouped together; their differences explain why a manufacturer chooses one element for a particular job.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0480232 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0480232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pure metals bring another set of properties. Many tarnish or oxidize in air, and their melting points and magnetic behavior differ. Use the properties of the actual metal, compound, or alloy being considered\u2014not a performance claim for the whole rare earth family.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7451e89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7451e89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Do Rare Earth Metals Look Like?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-217469f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"217469f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Many rare earth metals have a silvery or gray metallic appearance when freshly exposed, but their compounds and alloys can look different. Air exposure can tarnish the metal surface. Appearance alone cannot identify the element or grade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74c029a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74c029a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The supplied form also matters: a metal may be sold as pieces, ingots, or powder, while an oxide can arrive as a fine powder. For example, the MMTA neodymium oxide specification describes a blue-gray powder. Read the product name and formula before treating a powder as elemental metal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26d7e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b26d7e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Are Rare Earth Metals Used For?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-def56af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"def56af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rare earth elements are used in permanent magnets, selected batteries, lighting and display materials, optical glass, polishing powders, and catalysts. In many of these products, the working material is a compound or alloy rather than a pure rare earth metal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aa2aca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1aa2aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Which Rare Earth Metals Are Used in Magnets?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2989c6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2989c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Neodymium and praseodymium are important rare earth ingredients in NdFeB magnets; samarium is used in samarium-cobalt magnets. Some NdFeB grades also use dysprosium or terbium to improve resistance to demagnetization at higher temperatures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f79731a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f79731a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The iron, boron, or cobalt is part of the material system too. A block of pure neodymium is not a substitute for a finished NdFeB magnet. The Royal Society of Chemistry\u2019s neodymium reference identifies the alloy with iron and boron as the important permanent-magnet application.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f981713 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f981713\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This matters in wind turbines and electric motors. A permanent-magnet design may use rare earth magnets to obtain high power from a compact assembly. Other designs generate the magnetic field differently. The turbine or motor design determines whether those magnet materials are needed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a9537c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a9537c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Are Rare Earth Metals Used in Electric Car Batteries?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b536828 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b536828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lanthanum-based alloys are used in nickel-metal hydride batteries, including batteries used in some hybrid vehicles. Common lithium-ion EV batteries use different active materials; a major rare earth application in an EV is often its permanent-magnet motor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80553b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80553b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The battery stores electrical energy. The motor turns that energy into motion. Combining them under the phrase \u201cEV battery materials\u201d hides two different material requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-411de44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"411de44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Department of Energy separates these applications: rare earths for EV motors, and materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel for energy storage. Battery chemistry and motor type should therefore be identified separately. A vehicle can use a lithium-ion battery with a rare earth permanent-magnet motor, or with a motor design that does not require those magnets.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39b9f92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39b9f92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Where Are Rare Earths Used in Phones and Electronics?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1385469 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1385469\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rare earth materials can serve in miniature speaker and vibration-system magnets, optical glass, and phosphors used in selected lighting or display technologies. Their role depends on the component and the device design.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db93871 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db93871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For example, a speaker magnet needs a strong field within a small space. A phosphor needs a particular light response. Those are different jobs, even when both materials are inside one electronic product.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4471393 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4471393\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avoid treating a phone as one uniform material. Its semiconductor, display layers, optical parts, and magnets have different compositions. Gallium, germanium, and indium may also appear in discussions of electronics, but none belongs to the 17-element rare earth family. A model-specific element list requires that model\u2019s material information. For a related material outside the rare earth family, our guide to pure indium uses explains its role in indium tin oxide (ITO) display coatings and other electronic applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47fb25a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47fb25a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Do Rare Earths Do in Catalysts and Polishing?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb377ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb377ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cerium-based materials are used in exhaust-treatment catalysts and glass polishing, while lanthanum-containing catalysts are used in petroleum refining. The compound\u2019s chemistry supplies the useful function.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4939b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4939b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For polishing, the relevant product is a cerium oxide compound formulated for the task. A piece of cerium metal is not the same polishing material. For exhaust treatment, cerium-containing materials work within a catalyst system; this does not make platinum, palladium, or rhodium rare earth elements. Those belong to the platinum-group metals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da56ae2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da56ae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These examples show why an application list should identify both the element and the material that actually performs the work.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77fa8a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77fa8a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Where Are Rare Earth Metals Found and How Are They Produced?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6eed4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6eed4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rare earth elements occur in minerals and other geological materials, including bastn\u00e4site, monazite, xenotime, and ion-adsorption clays. Producing a usable material requires concentrating or extracting the rare earths, separating them, and making the required compound, metal, or alloy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7903100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7903100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Deposits occur in many parts of the world. Well-known examples include Mountain Pass in California, Mount Weld in Western Australia, and Bayan Obo in China. Their mineralogy and element mix differ, so one deposit is not automatically a replacement for another.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b1dd94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b1dd94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A simplified industrial sequence helps explain what happens between an ore deposit and a finished material:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-014f31b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"014f31b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Recover the rare earth-bearing material. Mining and physical concentration methods depend on the deposit. Ion-adsorption clays need a different approach from hard-rock ore.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3e9b3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3e9b3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bring the rare earths into a process stream. Chemical treatment releases the elements from the mineral or host material. The selected process depends on that feed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5339291 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5339291\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Separate the elements. Processes such as solvent extraction or ion exchange exploit small differences between chemically similar rare earths.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40503b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40503b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Make the specified product. The producer may supply an oxide or another compound. Applications needing metal require a further conversion, such as chemical reduction.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59d71b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59d71b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Make the functional material or part. Metals may be combined into alloys and processed into products such as permanent magnets.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-148fcaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"148fcaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Not every material passes through every stage. Cerium oxide used in polishing is already a useful compound; it does not need to become cerium metal first. A mine, a separation plant, a metal producer, and a magnet factory therefore perform different tasks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6eca8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6eca8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Balaram review of rare earth production and applications describes how mineralogy affects extraction and why separating similar elements requires dedicated processes. It also helps explain why supply depends on processing capability as well as resources in the ground.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b51bdab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b51bdab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Environmental controls belong to this production chain. Chemical processing creates liquid and solid waste streams, and some ores contain uranium or thorium that must be separated and managed. The EPA\u2019s explanation of rare earth mining wastes addresses these associated radioactive materials. Their presence in an ore should be distinguished from the composition of a finished, refined material.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4269e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a4269e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Do Rare Earth Metals Differ from Oxides and Alloys?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0144410 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0144410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A rare earth metal is an elemental metallic material. A rare earth oxide contains rare earth elements bonded to oxygen, while an alloy combines a rare earth with other elements to obtain useful material properties. These names describe different products.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2288a3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2288a3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Does the Application Change the Material You Need?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a2928c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a2928c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For glass polishing, compare a suitable cerium oxide polishing grade rather than cerium metal. Consider a workshop selecting material for an optical-glass surface. It needs to match the polishing compound to the glass, required finish, and process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-868b1e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"868b1e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Gordon Glass technical data sheet specifies particle-size distribution and maximum-particle control for its cerium oxide polishing compound. Those are useful selection fields that the element name alone cannot supply. In this example, compare the candidate grade under the same polishing conditions and inspect the resulting surface before changing the production material. A higher purity number alone does not settle that choice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c46c7ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c46c7ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Should You Compare Purity and a Certificate of Analysis?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4b61e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4b61e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Compare the purity basis and relevant impurity limits, then match the certificate of analysis (COA) to the supplied batch. A COA records information for an identified lot; a general specification defines the product\u2019s requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4a0c2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4a0c2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rare earth purity may be stated relative to total rare earth metal (TREM) or total rare earth oxide (TREO), rather than the whole sample. For example, a Thermo Fisher neodymium oxide COA lists Nd2O3\/TREO \u226599.99%. This compares neodymium oxide with the total rare earth oxide fraction; it does not by itself establish 99.99% purity by total sample mass. The MMTA explains why total rare earth content should also be stated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e62d1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e62d1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Before accepting two grades as equivalent:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b61e1b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b61e1b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Confirm identity and basis. Match the formula and read what the percentage includes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8211a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8211a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Check the impurities that affect the job. Review both other rare earths and relevant non-rare-earth impurities; request missing limits.<br \/>Match the batch. Compare the lot number on the certificate with the supplied material.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-776ca25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"776ca25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Resolve unclear results. Ask for the analytical method and detection limits when a reported result cannot be compared with your requirement. A blank field is not a zero result.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b7daf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b7daf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The same naming check applies outside the rare earth family. For example, our tellurium dioxide powder is TeO2, a compound rather than elemental tellurium; Are Rare Earth Metals the Same as Rare Metals?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c4d340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c4d340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Are Rare Earth Metals the Same as Rare Metals?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-984083a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"984083a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No. Rare earth metals are the specific 17-element family. \u201cRare metals\u201d and \u201cminor metals\u201d are broader industry terms, while \u201ccritical minerals\u201d describes materials considered important and exposed to supply risk under a particular assessment. The Department of Energy explains its critical-materials definitions separately from chemical element families.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eac4018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"eac4018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it describes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Examples or useful distinction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Rare earth elements<\/th><td>A defined chemical family<\/td><td>Sc, Y, and the 15 lanthanides<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Rare or minor metals<\/th><td>Broader trade and industry terminology<\/td><td>Can include indium or other specialty materials outside the rare earth family<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Critical minerals or materials<\/th><td>Economic, technological, and supply considerations<\/td><td>The relevant list and criteria depend on the issuing authority and assessment<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78d08bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78d08bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indium, gallium, germanium, and bismuth are not rare earth elements. Tellurium is a metalloid\u2014a material with properties between metals and nonmetals\u2014and is also outside the rare earth family. The fact that these materials serve electronics, solar, or other advanced applications does not change their classification.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fb18b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fb18b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For example, our indium materials and tellurium materials serve applications such as electronic materials and solar-cell production. They are part of the wider specialty-materials business. Our custom metals range includes these materials alongside other high-purity metals and alloys.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb9fc05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb9fc05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rare earth metals are the 17-element family whose individual members support different magnetic, optical, and chemical functions. To understand a material correctly, connect the element, its chemical form, and the component\u2019s job. That explains both why rare earths matter and why one rare earth product cannot automatically replace another.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64a064e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64a064e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Need High-Purity Metals or a Custom Alloy for Your Application?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49ff9ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49ff9ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If your project involves specialty metals or a custom alloy, send Custom Rare Metal the specification and the job it needs to do. The same checks on material identity, form, and impurities apply to our range of materials such as indium, bismuth, tellurium, copper, tin, and zinc, together with custom alloys for research and industrial use.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50a45d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50a45d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To help us assess the relevant material, form, and impurity requirements, include:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18dce03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18dce03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Material: element, compound, or alloy name and chemical formula or composition.<br \/>Purity: target grade and any key impurity limits.<br \/>Form and size: powder particle size, foil thickness, wire diameter, or a drawing where relevant.<br \/>Application: how the material will be processed and used.<br \/>Quantity: sample or production amount, destination, and required delivery date.<br \/>Discuss Your Material Requirements<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6cab00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f6cab00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Discuss Your Material Requirements<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e30fd41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e30fd41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Or email sales@customraremetal.com with your specification or drawing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cbb89b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cbb89b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rare Earth Metals FAQs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5f4069 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"e5f4069\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Fisarmonica. Apri i link con Invio o Spazio, chiudi con Esc e naviga con i tasti freccia\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2410\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2410\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Are Lithium and Cobalt Rare Earth Metals? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2410\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f56c5e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f56c5e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2410\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95b2d0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"95b2d0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-996c730 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"996c730\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No. Lithium and cobalt are not members of the 17-element rare earth family. They are often discussed alongside rare earths because all can matter to energy technologies. That shared application context does not make them the same chemical group. For a vehicle, identify the battery chemistry and motor materials separately.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2411\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2411\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do Solar Panels Need Rare Earth Metals? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2411\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9191bd0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9191bd0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2411\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0596f1e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0596f1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08556d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08556d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The main light-absorbing materials in ordinary silicon, cadmium telluride, and CIGS solar cells are not rare earth elements. CdTe contains cadmium and tellurium; CIGS contains copper, indium, gallium, and selenium. None of those elements belongs to the rare earth family.<\/p><p>The Department of Energy\u2019s photovoltaic cell overview describes these material systems. Rare earths can appear in specialized optical or experimental materials, but that is a different claim from saying that every solar panel needs them in its main semiconductor layer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2412\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2412\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Are Rare Earth Metals Radioactive? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2412\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccba48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dccba48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2412\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-811646a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"811646a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d76afc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d76afc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Radioactivity depends on the element and isotope. Promethium has no stable isotopes; some other rare earths have both stable and long-lived radioactive isotopes. For example, the Royal Society of Chemistry\u2019s references distinguish promethium from the isotope mix of samarium.<\/p><p>A separate issue is uranium or thorium associated with some rare earth ores. These elements are not rare earths, but their presence affects processing and waste management. Radiation characteristics belong to the actual material and its isotope or impurity composition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2413\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2413\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Are There 7 or 17 Rare Earth Metals? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2413\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-115327d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"115327d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2413\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56f72a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56f72a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-785290f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"785290f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The full rare earth family used in this article has 17 elements. A claim about \u201cseven rare earths\u201d needs the original list and context. It may refer to a selected group, or it may confuse rare earths with another materials category. Compare the named elements with the table above rather than assuming that every seven-element list describes the same group. A list of 15 usually means the lanthanides alone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2414\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2414\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Can Rare Earth Metals Be Recycled? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2414\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f74fc4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f74fc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2414\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35f8df9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35f8df9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5411bef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5411bef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes. Rare earths can be recovered from suitable manufacturing scrap and end-of-life materials, including permanent magnets and selected battery or lighting materials. Collection, disassembly, composition, and contamination affect the recovery process.<\/p><p>A separated magnet is a different recycling feed from mixed electronic waste containing many plastics, metals, and tiny components. Recovering a useful material requires the right feed preparation and separation process; the presence of rare earths alone does not establish whether a particular waste stream is economical to recycle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2415\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2415\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Can Other Materials Replace Rare Earth Metals? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2415\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a664178 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a664178\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2415\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae258f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae258f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa6eaa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa6eaa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sometimes, but the replacement must provide the required function. It may require redesigning a component rather than exchanging one metal for another. For example, induction and switched-reluctance motors offer approaches that do not require rare earth permanent magnets.<\/p><p>The Department of Energy\u2019s motor overview explains these different architectures. Size, control requirements, efficiency, noise, and operating conditions affect the choice. The same approach applies elsewhere: define the optical, chemical, or magnetic job before judging a substitute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2416\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2416\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Why Don\u2019t Rare Earth Metals Have One Price? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2416\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b227766 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b227766\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2416\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb5d824 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb5d824\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8622ea7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8622ea7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A useful quote must name the element, chemical form, purity basis, physical specification, and quantity. Neodymium metal, neodymium oxide powder, and a finished NdFeB magnet are different products, so a price per kilogram does not make them directly comparable.<\/p><p>For comparable offers, send the same specification and include the destination and required delivery date. Ask each supplier to identify its quotation date, delivery terms, and what the price includes. This gives you a basis for comparing the actual material and supply conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d31a15 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-framed elementor-share-buttons--color-custom elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"9d31a15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Delite na email\" 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La nostra pagina &quot;Informativa sulla privacy&quot; descrive come raccogliamo, archiviamo e utilizziamo i tuoi dati personali. \" required=\"required\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-recaptcha elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_0907f45 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field\" id=\"form-field-field_0907f45\"><div class=\"elementor-g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6Ldn9WoqAAAAAGCv2PD5in_VAp8clrWhRvVulo7Z\" data-type=\"v2_checkbox\" data-theme=\"light\" data-size=\"normal\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-20 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-paper-plane\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M440 6.5L24 246.4c-34.4 19.9-31.1 70.8 5.7 85.9L144 379.6V464c0 46.4 59.2 65.5 86.6 28.6l43.8-59.1 111.9 46.2c5.9 2.4 12.1 3.6 18.3 3.6 8.2 0 16.3-2.1 23.6-6.2 12.8-7.2 21.6-20 23.9-34.5l59.4-387.2c6.1-40.1-36.9-68.8-71.5-48.9zM192 464v-64.6l36.6 15.1L192 464zm212.6-28.7l-153.8-63.5L391 169.5c10.7-15.5-9.5-33.5-23.7-21.2L155.8 332.6 48 288 464 48l-59.4 387.3z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Invia<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"it\"\/><\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d7816e e-con-full elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d7816e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c15aea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c15aea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Categorie principali<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7b6d26 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d7b6d26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/custom-alloys\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-hand-point-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M428.8 137.6h-86.177a115.52 115.52 0 0 0 2.176-22.4c0-47.914-35.072-83.2-92-83.2-45.314 0-57.002 48.537-75.707 78.784-7.735 12.413-16.994 23.317-25.851 33.253l-.131.146-.129.148C135.662 161.807 127.764 168 120.8 168h-2.679c-5.747-4.952-13.536-8-22.12-8H32c-17.673 0-32 12.894-32 28.8v230.4C0 435.106 14.327 448 32 448h64c8.584 0 16.373-3.048 22.12-8h2.679c28.688 0 67.137 40 127.2 40h21.299c62.542 0 98.8-38.658 99.94-91.145 12.482-17.813 18.491-40.785 15.985-62.791A93.148 93.148 0 0 0 393.152 304H428.8c45.435 0 83.2-37.584 83.2-83.2 0-45.099-38.101-83.2-83.2-83.2zm0 118.4h-91.026c12.837 14.669 14.415 42.825-4.95 61.05 11.227 19.646 1.687 45.624-12.925 53.625 6.524 39.128-10.076 61.325-50.6 61.325H248c-45.491 0-77.21-35.913-120-39.676V215.571c25.239-2.964 42.966-21.222 59.075-39.596 11.275-12.65 21.725-25.3 30.799-39.875C232.355 112.712 244.006 80 252.8 80c23.375 0 44 8.8 44 35.2 0 35.2-26.4 53.075-26.4 70.4h158.4c18.425 0 35.2 16.5 35.2 35.2 0 18.975-16.225 35.2-35.2 35.2zM88 384c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24s-24-10.745-24-24 10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Leghe personalizzate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/copper-metals\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-hand-point-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M428.8 137.6h-86.177a115.52 115.52 0 0 0 2.176-22.4c0-47.914-35.072-83.2-92-83.2-45.314 0-57.002 48.537-75.707 78.784-7.735 12.413-16.994 23.317-25.851 33.253l-.131.146-.129.148C135.662 161.807 127.764 168 120.8 168h-2.679c-5.747-4.952-13.536-8-22.12-8H32c-17.673 0-32 12.894-32 28.8v230.4C0 435.106 14.327 448 32 448h64c8.584 0 16.373-3.048 22.12-8h2.679c28.688 0 67.137 40 127.2 40h21.299c62.542 0 98.8-38.658 99.94-91.145 12.482-17.813 18.491-40.785 15.985-62.791A93.148 93.148 0 0 0 393.152 304H428.8c45.435 0 83.2-37.584 83.2-83.2 0-45.099-38.101-83.2-83.2-83.2zm0 118.4h-91.026c12.837 14.669 14.415 42.825-4.95 61.05 11.227 19.646 1.687 45.624-12.925 53.625 6.524 39.128-10.076 61.325-50.6 61.325H248c-45.491 0-77.21-35.913-120-39.676V215.571c25.239-2.964 42.966-21.222 59.075-39.596 11.275-12.65 21.725-25.3 30.799-39.875C232.355 112.712 244.006 80 252.8 80c23.375 0 44 8.8 44 35.2 0 35.2-26.4 53.075-26.4 70.4h158.4c18.425 0 35.2 16.5 35.2 35.2 0 18.975-16.225 35.2-35.2 35.2zM88 384c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24s-24-10.745-24-24 10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Metalli di rame<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tin-metals\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-hand-point-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M428.8 137.6h-86.177a115.52 115.52 0 0 0 2.176-22.4c0-47.914-35.072-83.2-92-83.2-45.314 0-57.002 48.537-75.707 78.784-7.735 12.413-16.994 23.317-25.851 33.253l-.131.146-.129.148C135.662 161.807 127.764 168 120.8 168h-2.679c-5.747-4.952-13.536-8-22.12-8H32c-17.673 0-32 12.894-32 28.8v230.4C0 435.106 14.327 448 32 448h64c8.584 0 16.373-3.048 22.12-8h2.679c28.688 0 67.137 40 127.2 40h21.299c62.542 0 98.8-38.658 99.94-91.145 12.482-17.813 18.491-40.785 15.985-62.791A93.148 93.148 0 0 0 393.152 304H428.8c45.435 0 83.2-37.584 83.2-83.2 0-45.099-38.101-83.2-83.2-83.2zm0 118.4h-91.026c12.837 14.669 14.415 42.825-4.95 61.05 11.227 19.646 1.687 45.624-12.925 53.625 6.524 39.128-10.076 61.325-50.6 61.325H248c-45.491 0-77.21-35.913-120-39.676V215.571c25.239-2.964 42.966-21.222 59.075-39.596 11.275-12.65 21.725-25.3 30.799-39.875C232.355 112.712 244.006 80 252.8 80c23.375 0 44 8.8 44 35.2 0 35.2-26.4 53.075-26.4 70.4h158.4c18.425 0 35.2 16.5 35.2 35.2 0 18.975-16.225 35.2-35.2 35.2zM88 384c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24s-24-10.745-24-24 10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Metalli di stagno<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/zinc-metals\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-hand-point-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M428.8 137.6h-86.177a115.52 115.52 0 0 0 2.176-22.4c0-47.914-35.072-83.2-92-83.2-45.314 0-57.002 48.537-75.707 78.784-7.735 12.413-16.994 23.317-25.851 33.253l-.131.146-.129.148C135.662 161.807 127.764 168 120.8 168h-2.679c-5.747-4.952-13.536-8-22.12-8H32c-17.673 0-32 12.894-32 28.8v230.4C0 435.106 14.327 448 32 448h64c8.584 0 16.373-3.048 22.12-8h2.679c28.688 0 67.137 40 127.2 40h21.299c62.542 0 98.8-38.658 99.94-91.145 12.482-17.813 18.491-40.785 15.985-62.791A93.148 93.148 0 0 0 393.152 304H428.8c45.435 0 83.2-37.584 83.2-83.2 0-45.099-38.101-83.2-83.2-83.2zm0 118.4h-91.026c12.837 14.669 14.415 42.825-4.95 61.05 11.227 19.646 1.687 45.624-12.925 53.625 6.524 39.128-10.076 61.325-50.6 61.325H248c-45.491 0-77.21-35.913-120-39.676V215.571c25.239-2.964 42.966-21.222 59.075-39.596 11.275-12.65 21.725-25.3 30.799-39.875C232.355 112.712 244.006 80 252.8 80c23.375 0 44 8.8 44 35.2 0 35.2-26.4 53.075-26.4 70.4h158.4c18.425 0 35.2 16.5 35.2 35.2 0 18.975-16.225 35.2-35.2 35.2zM88 384c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24s-24-10.745-24-24 10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Metalli di zinco<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/indium-metals\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-hand-point-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M428.8 137.6h-86.177a115.52 115.52 0 0 0 2.176-22.4c0-47.914-35.072-83.2-92-83.2-45.314 0-57.002 48.537-75.707 78.784-7.735 12.413-16.994 23.317-25.851 33.253l-.131.146-.129.148C135.662 161.807 127.764 168 120.8 168h-2.679c-5.747-4.952-13.536-8-22.12-8H32c-17.673 0-32 12.894-32 28.8v230.4C0 435.106 14.327 448 32 448h64c8.584 0 16.373-3.048 22.12-8h2.679c28.688 0 67.137 40 127.2 40h21.299c62.542 0 98.8-38.658 99.94-91.145 12.482-17.813 18.491-40.785 15.985-62.791A93.148 93.148 0 0 0 393.152 304H428.8c45.435 0 83.2-37.584 83.2-83.2 0-45.099-38.101-83.2-83.2-83.2zm0 118.4h-91.026c12.837 14.669 14.415 42.825-4.95 61.05 11.227 19.646 1.687 45.624-12.925 53.625 6.524 39.128-10.076 61.325-50.6 61.325H248c-45.491 0-77.21-35.913-120-39.676V215.571c25.239-2.964 42.966-21.222 59.075-39.596 11.275-12.65 21.725-25.3 30.799-39.875C232.355 112.712 244.006 80 252.8 80c23.375 0 44 8.8 44 35.2 0 35.2-26.4 53.075-26.4 70.4h158.4c18.425 0 35.2 16.5 35.2 35.2 0 18.975-16.225 35.2-35.2 35.2zM88 384c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24s-24-10.745-24-24 10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Metalli di indio<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e9266d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e9266d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prodotto caldo<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc83052 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"bc83052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1323 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/high-purity-zinc-granules\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"1050\" src=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Zinc-Granules.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1328\" alt=\"Granuli di zinco\" srcset=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Zinc-Granules.webp 1050w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Zinc-Granules-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Zinc-Granules-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/high-purity-zinc-granules\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tGranuli di zinco ad alta purezza | 99,999 Zinco metallico all&#039;ingrosso\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/high-purity-zinc-granules\/\" aria-label=\"Leggi tutto Granuli di zinco ad alta purezza | Zinco metallico all&#039;ingrosso 99,999\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tScopri di pi\u00f9 \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1481 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/ultrathin-high-purity-copper-foil\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1250\" height=\"1250\" src=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/High-Purity-Copper-Foil.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1486\" alt=\"Lamina di rame ad alta purezza\" srcset=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/High-Purity-Copper-Foil.webp 1250w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/High-Purity-Copper-Foil-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/High-Purity-Copper-Foil-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1250px) 100vw, 1250px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/ultrathin-high-purity-copper-foil\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tLamina di rame ultrasottile ad alta purezza | Lamina metallica di rame 4N 6N\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/ultrathin-high-purity-copper-foil\/\" aria-label=\"Leggi tutto Lamina di rame ultrasottile ad alta purezza | Lamina metallica di rame 4N 6N\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tScopri di pi\u00f9 \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2431 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/electronic-grade-yellow-and-organge-bismuth-iii-oxide-factory\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1250\" height=\"1250\" src=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Bismuth-iii-Oxide.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2434\" alt=\"Ossido di bismuto iii\" srcset=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Bismuth-iii-Oxide.webp 1250w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Bismuth-iii-Oxide-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Bismuth-iii-Oxide-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1250px) 100vw, 1250px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/electronic-grade-yellow-and-organge-bismuth-iii-oxide-factory\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tFabbrica di ossido di bismuto III giallo e arancio di grado elettronico\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/electronic-grade-yellow-and-organge-bismuth-iii-oxide-factory\/\" aria-label=\"Leggi tutto Fabbrica di ossido di bismuto III giallo e arancio di grado elettronico\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tScopri di pi\u00f9 \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db85005 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-tag_cloud\" data-id=\"db85005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-tag_cloud.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5>Etichette<\/h5><nav aria-label=\"Etichette\"><div class=\"tagcloud\"><a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/bismuth-grain\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-69 tag-link-position-1\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Grano di bismuto (1 elemento)\">Grano di bismuto<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/bismuth-granules\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-70 tag-link-position-2\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Granuli di bismuto (1 elemento)\">Granuli di bismuto<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/bismuth-lead-alloys\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-65 tag-link-position-3\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"leghe di piombo e bismuto (1 elemento)\">leghe di piombo e bismuto<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/bismuth-metal\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-26 tag-link-position-4\" style=\"font-size: 15.5px;\" aria-label=\"Bismuto metallico (2 elementi)\">Metallo di bismuto<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/bismuth-metal-powder\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-48 tag-link-position-5\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Polvere di metallo di bismuto (1 elemento)\">Polvere di metallo di bismuto<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/bismuth-powder\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-47 tag-link-position-6\" style=\"font-size: 16.5px;\" aria-label=\"Polvere di Bismuto (3 elementi)\">Polvere di bismuto<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/bismuth-price\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-56 tag-link-position-7\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Prezzo del bismuto (1 elemento)\">Prezzo del bismuto<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/bismuth-shot\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-68 tag-link-position-8\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Bismuth Shot (1 elemento)\">Colpo di bismuto<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/copper-metals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-31 tag-link-position-9\" style=\"font-size: 15.5px;\" aria-label=\"Metalli di rame (2 elementi)\">Metalli di rame<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/copper-powder\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-51 tag-link-position-10\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Polvere di rame (1 elemento)\">Polvere di rame<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/copper-prices\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-63 tag-link-position-11\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Prezzi del rame (1 elemento)\">Prezzi del rame<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/custom-alloys\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-39 tag-link-position-12\" style=\"font-size: 19px;\" aria-label=\"Custom Alloys (7 elementi)\">Leghe personalizzate<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/custom-metals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-29 tag-link-position-13\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Metalli personalizzati (1 elemento)\">Metalli personalizzati<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/custom-rare-metals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-30 tag-link-position-14\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Metalli rari personalizzati (1 elemento)\">Metalli rari personalizzati<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/galinstan\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-67 tag-link-position-15\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Galinstan (1 elemento)\">Galinstan<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/high-purity-copper\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-32 tag-link-position-16\" style=\"font-size: 15.5px;\" aria-label=\"Rame ad alta purezza (2 elementi)\">Rame ad alta purezza<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/high-purity-tellurium\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-71 tag-link-position-17\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Tellurio ad alta purezza (1 elemento)\">Tellurio ad alta purezza<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/high-purity-tin\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-36 tag-link-position-18\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Stagno ad alta purezza (1 elemento)\">Stagno ad alta purezza<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/indium-alloys\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-40 tag-link-position-19\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Leghe di indio (1 elemento)\">Leghe di indio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/indium-foil\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-58 tag-link-position-20\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Lamina di indio (1 elemento)\">Lamina di indio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/indium-metals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-33 tag-link-position-21\" style=\"font-size: 18px;\" aria-label=\"Metalli di indio (5 elementi)\">Metalli di indio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/indium-price\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-57 tag-link-position-22\" style=\"font-size: 16.5px;\" aria-label=\"Prezzo dell&#039;indio (3 elementi)\">Prezzo dell&#039;indio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/indium-seals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-60 tag-link-position-23\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Guarnizioni in indio (1 elemento)\">Guarnizioni in indio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/indium-sheet\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-59 tag-link-position-24\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Foglio di indio (1 elemento)\">Foglio di indio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/indium-uses\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-64 tag-link-position-25\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Usi dell&#039;indio (1 elemento)\">Usi dell&#039;indio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/liquid-alloys\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-46 tag-link-position-26\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Leghe liquide (1 elemento)\">Leghe liquide<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/liquid-metals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-45 tag-link-position-27\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Metalli liquidi (1 elemento)\">Metalli liquidi<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/tellurium-granules\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-42 tag-link-position-28\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Granuli di Tellurio (1 elemento)\">Granuli di tellurio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/tellurium-metals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-34 tag-link-position-29\" style=\"font-size: 16.5px;\" aria-label=\"Metalli di tellurio (3 elementi)\">Metalli di tellurio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/tellurium-pellets\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-44 tag-link-position-30\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Pellet di tellurio (1 elemento)\">Pellet di tellurio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/tellurium-powder\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-49 tag-link-position-31\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Polvere di tellurio (1 elemento)\">Polvere di tellurio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/tellurium-price\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-62 tag-link-position-32\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Prezzo del tellurio (1 elemento)\">Prezzo del tellurio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/tellurium-shot\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-43 tag-link-position-33\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Tellurium Shot (1 elemento)\">Colpo di tellurio<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/tin-metal-price\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-61 tag-link-position-34\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\" aria-label=\"Prezzo del metallo latta (1 elemento)\">Prezzo della latta<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/tin-metals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-35 tag-link-position-35\" style=\"font-size: 15.5px;\" aria-label=\"Metalli di stagno (2 elementi)\">Metalli di stagno<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/tag\/zinc-metals\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-37 tag-link-position-36\" style=\"font-size: 15.5px;\" aria-label=\"Metalli di zinco (2 elementi)\">Metalli di zinco<\/a><\/div>\n<\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2fefc446 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2fefc446\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2302d50d\" data-id=\"2302d50d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-745cd04b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"745cd04b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Blog correlati<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4298e636 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4298e636\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Benvenuti al nostro blog dedicato all&#039;affascinante mondo dei materiali metallici rari.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06e1fcd elementor-posts--align-left elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"06e1fcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_masonry&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:51,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;numbers_and_prev_next&quot;,&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2842 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog tag-custom-alloys\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/what-are-rare-earth-metals-the-17-elements-and-their-uses\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1578\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Bismuth-granule.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2840\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Bismuth-granule.jpg 1578w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Bismuth-granule-768x701.jpg 768w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Bismuth-granule-1536x1402.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Bismuth-granule-13x12.jpg 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1578px) 100vw, 1578px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/what-are-rare-earth-metals-the-17-elements-and-their-uses\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tWhat Are Rare Earth Metals? The 17 Elements and Their Uses\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Con l&#039;avvicinarsi del tradizionale capodanno cinese, vi informiamo che la nostra azienda celebrer\u00e0 le festivit\u00e0 a partire dal 25 gennaio.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/what-are-rare-earth-metals-the-17-elements-and-their-uses\/\" aria-label=\"Leggi tutto What Are Rare Earth Metals? The 17 Elements and Their Uses\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tPer saperne di pi\u00f9 &quot;\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2783 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog tag-custom-alloys\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/order-status-before-the-chinese-new-year-holiday-2025\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Order-Status-of-Custom-Rare-Metal.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2786\" alt=\"Stato dell&#039;ordine\" srcset=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Order-Status-of-Custom-Rare-Metal.webp 1080w, 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aria-label=\"Leggi tutto Stato dell&#039;ordine prima delle festivit\u00e0 del Capodanno cinese 2025\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tPer saperne di pi\u00f9 &quot;\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2687 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog tag-high-purity-tellurium tag-tellurium-metals\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/how-to-extract-and-use-high-purity-tellurium\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"1050\" src=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Tellurium-Bars-4.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1183\" alt=\"Barre di tellurio\" srcset=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Tellurium-Bars-4.webp 1050w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Tellurium-Bars-4-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Tellurium-Bars-4-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/how-to-extract-and-use-high-purity-tellurium\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tCome estrarre e utilizzare il tellurio ad alta purezza\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Il tellurio ad elevata purezza \u00e8 uno dei sette metalli rari sparsi, che sono generalmente minerali associati e i giacimenti indipendenti sono rari, come lo \u00e8 il tellurio.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/how-to-extract-and-use-high-purity-tellurium\/\" aria-label=\"Leggi tutto Come estrarre e utilizzare il tellurio ad alta purezza\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tPer saperne di pi\u00f9 &quot;\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-load-more-anchor\" data-page=\"1\" data-max-page=\"10\" data-next-page=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/?e-page-06e1fcd=2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-pagination\" aria-label=\"Paginazione\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"page-numbers prev\">&quot; Precedente<\/span>\n<span aria-current=\"page\" class=\"page-numbers current\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Pagina<\/span>1<\/span>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2842\/?e-page-06e1fcd=2\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Pagina<\/span>2<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2842\/?e-page-06e1fcd=3\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Pagina<\/span>3<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2842\/?e-page-06e1fcd=4\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Pagina<\/span>4<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2842\/?e-page-06e1fcd=5\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Pagina<\/span>5<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers next\" href=\"https:\/\/customraremetal.com\/it\/?e-page-06e1fcd=2\">Prossimo &quot;<\/a>\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Con l&#039;avvicinarsi del tradizionale capodanno cinese, vi informiamo che la nostra azienda celebrer\u00e0 le festivit\u00e0 a partire dal 25 gennaio.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2840,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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